Estudios etiológicos de la elefantiasis o pie gigantesco del plátano (Musa AAB y ABB) y el banano (Musa BB y AAA) en Colombia.

Con el propósito de determinar las causas de la Elefantiasis y el pie gigantesco del plátano Musa AAB y ABB y el banano Musa BB y AAA, los factores que determinan su establecimiento y diseminación y plantear algunas medidas de control de la enfermedad, se realizó este estudio en varias zonas de Colombia donde la enfermedad ha sido más perjudicial, como en Urabá, Huila, Tolima y Valle. El trabajo de campo se desarrolló entre enero de 1979 y agosto de 1980. El trabajo de invernadero y laboratorio se desarrolló en el Centro Experimental del ICA en Nataima, Espinal, Tolima y Laboratorio de Nematología de la Asociación de Agricultores y Ganaderos de Urabá, Apartadó, Antioquia. El trabajo se culminó en marzo de 1982. La enfermedad se logró transmitir por colinos afectados y por el suelo infestado. No se logró transmisión por herramientas, ni por macerado de plantas enfermas, ni insectos vectores o por malezas hospedantes. Tampoco se encontró relación con bacterias micoplasmas u organismos relacionados, ni con virus. En todos los casos la enfermedad se encontró asociada con dos especies de hongos: Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht y Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon. Se encontró que el ataque de los nemátodos Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus sp y Helicotylenchus multicinatus, favorece el desarrollo de la enfermedad. No se observó resistencia de las diferentes variedades de plátano, sin embargo, en el grupo Cavendish hay respuesta diferencialBanano- Musa acuminata - Musa paradisiacaPlátano-Musa sapientumMaestría en CienciasMaestrí

Analysis of the oil biosynthesis transcripts of the Moringa oleifera Lam. mature seed embryos using RNA sequencing

Moringa oleifera seeds are capable of producing 40% edible oils that are gaining significance due to its nutritional advantages. Several studies have examined M. oleifera seed oil, nevertheless, these studies focused on the extraction of oil and methods of biodiesel production. There is a paucity of information on transcriptome level studies to determine the unigenes involved in oil biosynthesis metabolic pathways. The main objective of this study is to explore the transcriptome of the mature embryo of M. oleifera Lam. particularly the key genes related to oil biosynthesis. The transcriptome reflects the set of genes that are actively expressed at any given time produced in one or a population of cells in a given organism. Total RNA was extracted from 30 mature seed embryos obtained from 10 trees in Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. RNA were pooled for cDNA library construction. Then, RNAsequencing was done followed by de novo sequence assembly to provide a costeffective and comprehensive means of transcriptome level information for M. oleifera. A total of 182,588 transcripts were generated in this study. Out of these transcripts, 3,556 unigenes are involved in oil biosynthesis. The most numerous group of unigenes are those involved in fatty acid biosynthesis with 1,009 unigenes, fatty acid catabolism with 982 unigenes and triacylglycerol catabolism with 608 unigenes. There are 33 unigenes encoding for transcription factors involved in regulating oil biosynthesis gene expression. This is the first transcriptome resource ever reported for M. oleifera mature seed embryo. These unigenes are unmatched in protein databases for M. oleifera. Hence, the transcriptome resource for the M. oleifera Lam. mature seed embryo generated in this study will be useful for the mapping of oil biosynthesis related genes and the understanding of metabolic pathways which could possibly be used to improve seed yield and oil content of M. oleifera

Modelling of bismuth segregation in InAsBi/InAs superlattices: Determination of the exchange energies

InAsBi dilute alloys are potential new candidates for the improvement of infrared optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors or lasers. In this work, InAsBi/InAs superlattices (SLs)with Bi contents ranging between 1 and 3% were grown by molecular beam epitaxy with different Bi fluxes and growth temperatures to analyze Bi segregation by cross sectional transmission electron microscopy techniques. Bi segregation profiles have been described layer-by-layer using a three-layer fluid exchange mechanism, extracting the values of the As/Bi exchange energies (E 1 , 1.26 ± 0.01 eV and E 2 , 1.36 ± 0.02 eV). A relationship to calculate the activation energies for exchange from the binding energies in III–V alloys is proposed, which would allow predicting them for other hitherto unknown compounds

Effect of MBE growth conditions on GaAsBi photoluminescence lineshape and localised state filling.

A series of gallium arsenide bismide device layers covering a range of growth conditions are thoroughly probed by low-temperature, power-dependent photoluminescence measurements. The photoluminescence data is modelled using a localised state profile consisting of two Gaussians. Good agreement with the raw data is achieved for all layers whilst fixing the standard deviation values of the two Gaussians and constraining the band gap using X-ray diffraction data. The effects of growth temperature and bismuth beam equivalent pressure on the localised state distributions, and other model variables, are both shown to be linked to emission linewidth and device properties. It is concluded that bismuth rich surface conditions are preferable during growth in order to produce the narrowest emission linewidths with this material. These results also show how the growth mode of a gallium arsenide bismide layer can be inferred ex-situ from low-temperature photoluminescence measurements

G331.512-0.103:An Interstellar Laboratory for Molecular Synthesis. I. the Ortho-to-para Ratios for CH₃OH and CH₃CN

Spectral line surveys reveal rich molecular reservoirs in G331.512-0.103, a compact radio source in the center of an energetic molecular outflow. In this first work, we analyse the physical conditions of the source by means of CH$_3$OH and CH$_3$CN. The observations were performed with the APEX telescope. Six different system configurations were defined to cover most of the band within (292-356) GHz; as a consequence we detected a forest of lines towards the central core. A total of 70 lines of $A/E$-CH$_3$OH and $A/E$-CH$_3$CN were analysed, including torsionally excited transitions of CH$_3$OH ($\nu_t$=1). In a search for all the isotopologues, we identified transitions of $^{13}$CH$_3$OH. The physical conditions were derived considering collisional and radiative processes. We found common temperatures for each $A$ and $E$ symmetry of CH$_3$OH and CH$_3$CN; the derived column densities indicate an $A/E$ equilibrated ratio for both tracers. The results reveal that CH$_3$CN and CH$_3$OH trace a hot and cold component with $T_k \sim$ 141 K and $T_k \sim$ 74 K, respectively. In agreement with previous ALMA observations, the models show that the emission region is compact ($\lesssim$ 5.5 arcsec) with gas density $n$(H$_2$)=(0.7-1) $\times$ 10$^7$ cm$^{-3}$. The CH$_3$OH/CH$_3$CN abundance ratio and the evidences for pre-biotic and complex organic molecules suggest a rich and active chemistry towards G331.512-0.103.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Dynamics of charged dust particles in protoplanetary discs

We study the effect of an imposed magnetic field on the motion of charged dust particles in magnetically active regions of a protoplanetary disc. Assuming a power law structure for the vertical and the toroidal components of the magnetic field for the regions beyond magnetically dead region of the disc, the radial and the vertical velocities of the charged particles, in the asymptotic case of small particles, are calculated analytically. While grains with radii smaller than a critical radius significantly are affected by the magnetic force, motion of the particles with larger radii is independent of the magnetic field. The critical radius depends on the magnetic geometry and the charge of the grains. Assuming that a grain particle has one elementary charge and the physical properties of the disc correspond to a minimum-mass solar nebula, we show that only micron-sized grains are affected by the magnetic force. Also, charge polarity determines direction of the radial velocity. For such small particles, both the radial and the vertical velocities increase due to the magnetic force.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc

Adaptation Strategies for Personalized Gait Neuroprosthetics

Personalization of gait neuroprosthetics is paramount to ensure their efficacy for users, who experience severe limitations in mobility without an assistive device. Our goal is to develop assistive devices that collaborate with and are tailored to their users, while allowing them to use as much of their existing capabilities as possible. Currently, personalization of devices is challenging, and technological advances are required to achieve this goal. Therefore, this paper presents an overview of challenges and research directions regarding an interface with the peripheral nervous system, an interface with the central nervous system, and the requirements of interface computing architectures. The interface should be modular and adaptable, such that it can provide assistance where it is needed. Novel data processing technology should be developed to allow for real-time processing while accounting for signal variations in the human. Personalized biomechanical models and simulation techniques should be developed to predict assisted walking motions and interactions between the user and the device. Furthermore, the advantages of interfacing with both the brain and the spinal cord or the periphery should be further explored. Technological advances of interface computing architecture should focus on learning on the chip to achieve further personalization. Furthermore, energy consumption should be low to allow for longer use of the neuroprosthesis. In-memory processing combined with resistive random access memory is a promising technology for both. This paper discusses the aforementioned aspects to highlight new directions for future research in gait neuroprosthetics.AK is funded by a faculty endowment by adidas AG. MA, SKH, NM, MN, RJQ, R-DR, RJT are supported by NSF CPS grant 1739800, VA Merit Reviews A2275-R and 3056, and the NIH (5T32EB004314-15, R01 NS040547-13). MS and AG are funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 803035). AJd-A, JMF-L, and JCM are supported by coordinated grants RTI2018-097290-B-C31/C32/C33 (TAILOR project) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. MR is funded by the Lo3-ML project by the Federal Ministry for Education, Science and Technology (BMBF) (Funding No. 16ES1142K). AC, SS, and MV were supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the project NGBMI (759370), the Einstein Stiftung Berlin, the ERA-NET NEURON project HYBRIDMIND (BMBF, 01GP2121A and -B) and the BMBF project NEO (13GW0483C)

Understanding The Correlation Of Libs And Acoustic Measurements Of Rocks And Soils Found In The Traverse Of The Perseverance Rover Across The Jezero Crater, Mars

The SuperCam instrument of the NASA MARS 2020 Perseverance rover combines a suite of atomic and molecular spectroscopies intended for an extensive description of rocks, soils and minerals in the surroundings of the landing site of the mission – the Jezero crater. The microphone installed on the SuperCam instrument allows the acquisition of acoustic signals resulting from the expansion of laser-induced plasmas towards the atmosphere. Apart from being affected by the propagation characteristics of the Mars atmosphere, the acoustic signal has an additional component related to the properties of the target including surface morphology, hardness, deformation parameters, and elasticity, among others. This information is currently being investigated as a complementary resource for characterization of the ablated material and may well supplement the LIBS data gathered from coincident laser shots. This talk will present SuperCam acoustic data of rocks and minerals found in the traverse of the Perseverance rover and will discuss its correlation with LIBS spectra.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

The sound of geological targets on Mars from the absolute intensity of laser-induced sparks shock waves

Inspection of geological material is one of the main goals of the Perseverance rover during its journey across the landscape of the Jezero crater in Mars. NASA's rover integrates SuperCam, an instrument capable of performing standoff characterization of samples using a variety of techniques. Among those tools, SuperCam can perform laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) studies to elucidate the chemical composition of the targets of interest. Data from optical spectroscopy can be supplemented by simultaneously-produced laser-produced plasma acoustics in order to expand the information acquired from the probed rocks thanks to the SuperCam's microphone (MIC) as it can be synchronized with the LIBS laser. Herein, we report cover results from LIBS and MIC during Perseverance's first 380 sols on the Martian surface. We study the correlation between both recorded signals, considering the main intrasample and environmental sources of variation for each technique, to understand their behavior and how they can be interpreted together towards complimenting LIBS with acoustics. We find that louder and more stable acoustic signals are recorded from rock with compact surfaces, i.e., low presence loose particulate material, and harder mineral phases in their composition. Reported results constitute the first description of the evolution of the intensity in the time domain of shockwaves from laser-produced plasmas on geological targets recorded in Mars. These signals are expected contain physicochemical signatures pertaining to the inspected sampling positions. As the dependence of the acoustic signal recorded on the sample composition, provided by LIBS, is unveiled, the sound from sparks become a powerful tool for the identification of mineral phases with similar optical emission spectra.Many people helped with this project in addition to the co-authors, including hardware and operation teams, and we are most grateful for their support. This project was supported in the USA by NASA’s Mars Exploration Program and in France is conducted under the authority of CNES. Research funded by projects UMA18-FEDERJA-272 from Junta de Andalucía and PID2020-119185GB-I00 from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, of Spain. P.P. is grateful to the European Union’s Next Generation EU (NGEU) plan and the Spanish Ministerio de Universidades for his Margarita Salas fellowship under the program ′′Ayudas para la Recualificacion del Sistema Universitario Español′′. RCW was funded by JPL contract 1681089. A.U was funded by NASA Mars 2020 Participating Scientist program 80NSSC21K0330. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b, leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W' boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe